A phosphate ester functional monomer has two distinct parts: a polymerizable acrylate or methacrylate double bond, and a polar phosphate group (P–OH and P=O).
Under free-radical initiation the double bond copolymerizes with the resin and becomes part of the cured network. The phosphate group coordinates, hydrogen bonds or reacts with hydroxyls and metal ions on the substrate, forming M–O–P bonds.
Because both ends participate in bonding, the molecule cannot migrate or bloom like a conventional additive. The industry calls it a “molecular rivet”.
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