Inorganic pigments and fillers adsorb polar molecules. If phosphate is added directly during milling or high-filler loading, it may be consumed on filler surfaces and less remains for the target substrate interface.
A common approach is to disperse it first in resin and reactive diluent, then add pigment or filler. Where a dispersant is already used, compare dispersant-only, monomer-only and the combination.
Addition order is not an absolute rule. Low-viscosity systems, pigment concentrates and water-containing systems may need a different sequence; judge by viscosity, fineness and adhesion together.
Source note
Use: formulation design and laboratory process planning.
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